From: Effect of thong style flip-flops on children’s barefoot walking and jogging kinematics
WALK | JOG | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase | Joint | Plane | Barefoot | Thong | p;<0.05 | 95% CI | Barefoot | Thong | p;<0.05 | 95% CI |
Contact | Ankle | Sagittal | 1.1(8.3) | 12.0(12.2) | 0.005* | −17.8, -4.04 | 13.0(7.6) | 21.1(10.4) | 0.005* | −13.2, -2.98 |
Frontal | −7.5(3.6) | −10.0(5.8) | 0.694 | −3.23, 2.25, | −4.7(4.3) | −3.6(4.7) | 0.31 | −3.30, 1.14 | ||
Transverse | 1.6(4.7) | 1.7(3.2) | 0.957 | −3.15, 3.00 | 3.6(5.0) | 1.4(5.8) | 0.194 | −1.30, 5.77 | ||
Midfoot | Sagittal | −3.8(6.5) | −9.2(12.2) | 0.090 | −1.00, 11.9 | −3.5(6.5) | −6.6(11.9) | 0.203 | −1.92, 8.13 | |
Frontal | 2.0 (2.9) | 0.6 (5.0) | 0.181 | −0.750, 3.55 | 1.2(3.6) | −2.6(6.5 | 0.042* | 0.15, 7.40 | ||
Transverse | −3.6(3.6) | 1.0(4.0) | 0.441 | −5.21, 2.42 | −0.8(4.3) | 2.2(4.3) | 0.075 | −6.30, 0.35 | ||
Hallux | Sagittal | 6.2(4.3) | 3.7(5.4) | 0.203 | −1.57, 6.65 | 4.3(4.7) | 3.3(6.5) | 0.694 | −4.41, 6.41 | |
Midstance | Ankle | Sagittal | 7.6(5.8) | 12.6(10.4) | 0.124 | −11.44, 1.56 | 20.3(5.4) | 24.4(9.0) | 0.099 | −9.02, 0.88 |
Frontal | −3.8(3.6) | −4.2(4.7) | 0.672 | −1.47, 2.20 | 0.3(4.7) | 1.0(4.7) | 0.492 | −2.94, 1.50 | ||
Transverse | 4.1(4.3) | 2.5(4.0) | 0.315 | −1.74, 4.96 | 6.4(5.8) | 3.4(5.8) | 0.069 | −0.28, 6.40 | ||
Midfoot | Sagittal | −0.8(6.1) | −7.4(12.6) | 0.052 | −0.065, 13.3 | 2.9(7.2) | −2.2(12.6) | 0.037* | 0.370, 9.73 | |
Frontal | 3.6 (1.8) | 2.2 (5.0) | 0.231 | −1.02, 3.83 | 2.0(4.3) | −0.5(6.1) | 0.140 | −0.908, 5.71 | ||
Transverse | 0.5(3.2) | 1.9(4.7) | 0.421 | −5.21, 2.33 | 0.1(4.7) | 2.8(4.0) | 0.085 | −5.82, 0.435 | ||
Hallux | Sagittal | 1.1(2.9) | 1.2(4.7) | 0.926 | −2.99, 2.74 | −0.3(3.2) | 0.4(4.7) | 0.664 | −4.26, 2.81 | |
Propulsive | Ankle | Sagittal | 12.4(8.3) | 16.4(11.5) | 0.282 | −3.74, 11.8 | 18.0(6.5) | 21.0(10.4) | 0.242 | −8.12, 2.27 |
Frontal | −6.8(5.0) | −6.8(5.0) | 0.552 | −1.44, 2.56 | −3.6(4.3) | −3.0(4.7) | 0.536 | −2.68, 1.47 | ||
Transverse | 0.1(5.4) | −1.3(4.3) | 0.383 | −1.97, 4.78 | 3.6(5.8) | 0.8(6.1) | 0.098 | −0.591, 6.09 | ||
Midfoot | Sagittal | −3.4(7.2) | −10.1(12.6) | 0.044* | 0.205, 13.3 | −2.1(7.9) | −7.5(11.9) | 0.020* | −9.84, -1.01 | |
Frontal | 2.5(1.8) | 1.9(4.7) | 0.645 | −2.07, 3.18 | 1.8(4.0) | −0.3(5.4) | 0.153 | −0.908, 5.13 | ||
Transverse | −0.7(3.2) | 0.5(4.7) | 0.524 | −5.00, 2.69 | −0.7(4.3) | 1.7(3.6) | 0.107 | −5.37, 0.594 | ||
Hallux | Sagittal | 7.0(4.3) | 6.0(6.8) | 0.675 | −3.89, 5.81 | 7.6(5.4) | 5.4(4.3) | 0.249 | −1.77, 6.30 | |
Stance | Ankle | Sagittal | 9.1(6.8) | 14.4(8.3) | 0.122 | −12.32, 1.66 | 17.6(6.1) | 22.0(9.7) | 0.070 | −9.23, 0.416 |
Frontal | −5.5(4.0) | −5.8(5.0) | 0.775 | −1.68, 2.19 | −2.8(4.3) | −2.0(4.3) | 0.426 | −2.86, 1.29 | ||
Transverse | 1.9(4.7) | 0.7(4.0) | 0.444 | −2.11, 4.52 | 4.3(5.8) | 1.7(5.8) | 0.120 | −0.798, 6.06 | ||
Midfoot | Sagittal | −2.5(6.5) | −9.0 (13.0) | 0.055 | −0.156, 13.3 | −1.1(7.2) | −5.6(11.9) | 0.051 | −0.31, 9.17 | |
Frontal | 2.8(2.2) | 1.7(4.7) | 0.362 | −1.37, 3.48 | 1.7(4.0) | −0.9(5.8) | 0.102 | −0.596, 5.78 | ||
Transverse | −0.2(3.2) | 1.2(4.3) | 0.435 | −5.20, 2.39 | −0.5(3.6) | 2.2(4.0) | 0.084 | −5.65, 0.409 | ||
Hallux | Sagittal | 1.1(2.9) | 1.2(4.3) | 0.926 | −2.99, 2.74 | 4.9(4.3) | 3.5(3.2) | 0.384 | −2.08, 5.08 |