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Table 1 A summary of the biomechanical effect of interventions presented in the literature

From: Investigation of the biomechanical effect of variable stiffness shoe on external knee adduction moment in various dynamic exercises

Intervention

Author

Subject

Reductions in 1stPeak of EKAM

High Tibial Osteotomy (surgical intervention)

Bhatnagar et. al [36]

30 HTO patients

58% (No significant difference between 6 and 12 months post-HTO)

Birmingham et. al [37]

126 patients with knee OA

46%

Weidenhielm et. al [38]

9 patients after high tibial valgus osteotomy

64%

Laterally Wedged Insoles (Footwear intervention)

Shimada et. al [32]

23 patients with medial knee OA

4.4%

Kerrigan et. al [33]

15 patients with clinical and radiographic OA

6% (in 5° wedge)

8% (in 10° wedge)

Crenshaw et. al [34]

15 normal healthy subjects

7%

Variable Stiffness Shoe (Footwear intervention)

Jenkyn et. al [35]

32 subjects with medial compartment knee OA

6.6%

Erhart et. al [31]

1 subject with total knee replacement

13.3%