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Mapping load transfer from the plantar surface of the foot to the walls of the total contact cast (TCC)
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research volume 5, Article number: O12 (2012)
Background
The mechanism of offloading plantar pressure with a TCC is by redistributing weight-bearing load across the entire plantar surface of the foot and increasing the plantar surface contact area [1]. An additional mechanism is by transfer of load to the cast walls however these studies relied on indirect methods [2–4]. No previous research has directly measured the load on the cast wall.
The aim of this pilot study was to:
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1.
Systematically map pressure between the walls of the TCC and the lower limb to identify those areas of greatest pressure.
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2.
To directly measure load transfer from the plantar surface of the foot to the cast walls.
Materials and methods
A TCC was applied to a 20 year old healthy female and a 32 year old female with a 17 year history of Diabetes Mellitus without complications. The TCC was bi-valved and a capacitance sensor insole (pedar®, novel Gmbh, Germany) was placed on to the plantar area of the TCC and another into the participant’s sport shoe. Pliance® sensors were also placed along the lower leg (pliance®, novel Gmbh, Germany). Both sensors collected data simultaneously. After completion of all seven trials measuring each location of the cast wall, the cast wall of the TCC was cut down to create a shoe-cast.
Results
The two highest pressure locations from the cast-wall pliance® sensors were: posterior to the lateral malleolus and the extensor retinaculum. The average force per step for the resultant cast wall load was 159.2N for the participant with diabetes and 104.8N for the participant without diabetes. With the use of direct measurement it was established that there was a load transfer of 34% from the plantar surface of the foot to the cast walls of a TCC worn by a participant with Diabetes and for the healthy participant 23%.
Conclusions
The results supported the estimated values of 30-35% of load transfer by previous researchers who calculated cast wall data from indirect (plantar) measures.
References
Hartsell HD, Fellner C, Frantz R, Saltzman CL: Prosthetics and orthotics science: the repeatability of total contact cast applications: implications for clinical trials. J Prosthet Orthot. 2001, 13: 4-9. 10.1097/00008526-200103000-00009.
Leibner ED, Brodsky JW, Pollo FE, Baum BS, Edmonds BW: Unloading mechanism in the total contact cast. FootAnkle Int. 2006, 27: 281-285.
Shaw JE, Hsi WL, Ulbrecht JS, Norkitis A, Becker MB, Cavanagh PR: The mechanism of plantar unloading in total contact casts: implications for design and clinical use. Foot Ankle Int. 1997, 18: 809-817.
Tanaka H, Nagata K, Goto T, Hoshiko H, Inoue A: The effect of the patella tendon-bearing cast on loading. J bone joint surg. 2000, 82-B: 228-232.
Acknowledgement
This study was funded by the Australian Podiatry Education and Research Foundation.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Begg, L., McLaughlin, P., Manning, L. et al. Mapping load transfer from the plantar surface of the foot to the walls of the total contact cast (TCC). J Foot Ankle Res 5 (Suppl 1), O12 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-5-S1-O12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-5-S1-O12