Table 3 Mean values (SD) and percentage change for the medial and lateral heel at week 0 (N = 30)
From: The effect of customised and sham foot orthoses on plantar pressures
Medial heel | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Peak pressure (kPa) | Maximum force (%BW) | Contact area (cm2) | ||||||
Insert | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value | Mean (SD) | % change | p-value |
Shoe only (control) | 215.5 (52.3) | n/a | n/a | 38.2 (6.4) | n/a | n/a | 19.7 (1.8) | n/a | n/a |
Customised foot orthosis | 187.8 (40.3) | −13%*^ | <0.001 | 35.5 (6.4) | −7%* | 0.004 | 20.0 (1.7) | +1% | 0.495 |
Contoured polyethylene | 204.5 (48.8) | −5%#+ | 0.180 | 35.5 (6.6) | −7%* | 0.041 | 19.7 (1.8) | 0% | 1.000 |
Contoured EVA | 186.7 (41.9) | −13%*^ | <0.001 | 34.8 (5.7) | −9%* | <0.001 | 19.9 (1.8) | +1% | 0.879 |
Flat EVA | 190.8 (44.8) | −11%* | 0.001 | 35.1 (6.2) | −8%* | 0.008 | 19.9 (1.7) | +1% | 0.230 |
Lateral heel | |||||||||
| Â | Peak pressure (kPa) | Maximum force (%BW) | Contact area (cm 2 ) | ||||||
Insert | Mean (SD) | % change | p -value | Mean (SD) | % change | p -value | Mean (SD) | % change | p -value |
Shoe only (control) | 213.9 (50.5) | n/a | n/a | 37.8 (6.7) | n/a | n/a | 19.4 (1.8) | n/a | n/a |
Customised foot orthosis | 198.8 (49.3) | −7% | 0.251 | 40.0 (7.3) | +6% | 0.134 | 19.7 (1.8) | +2% | 0.319 |
Contoured polyethylene | 209.3 (46.9) | −2%+ | 1.000 | 39.4 (6.9) | +4% | 0.470 | 19.5 (1.8) | +1% | 1.000 |
Contoured EVA | 191.8 (39.5) | −10%*^ | <0.001 | 38.6 (6.5) | +2% | 1.000 | 19.7 (1.8) | +2% | 0.319 |
Flat EVA | 196.5 (52.3) | −8%* | 0.015 | 40.1 (7.2) | +6%* | 0.036 | 19.6 (1.8) | +1% | 0.568 |