Importance and challenges of measuring intrinsic foot muscle strength

Table 9 Reliability of MRI 5 point scale and ultrasonography

Method	Test	Paper	Participant	Parameter	Reliability					Comment
					Statistic	Intrarater		Interrater
						Within session	Between session	Hallux toe	Lesser toes
Indirect	MRI (5 point scale)	Bus et al. (2006) [21]	Diabetic patient Vs matched control	Intrinsic muscle atrophy under 5^th Metatarsal	weighted kappa	n/a	0.94	n/a	n/a	Excellent
			Age DB 56.8 year
			Control 58.0 year Sex M & F n=28
	US (High end Philips HDII)	Hing et al. (2009) [61]	Healthy Asymptomatic participants	Dorsoplantar thickness of AbdH	ICC	0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.99)	0.97 (95%CI 0.95-0.98)	n/a	n/a	Excellent
			Age 28.24 ±10.2 year	Medio-lat width of AbdH	ICC	0.96 (95%CI 0.95-0.98)	0.94 (95%CI 0.90-0.96)	n/a	n/a
			Sex M & F n=30	CSA of AbdH	ICC	0.98 (95%CI 0.96-0.98)	0.79 (95%CI 0.65-0.88)	n/a	n/a
	US	Jung et al. (2011) [25]	FO vs FOSFE in patient with pes planus	CSA of AbdH	ICC	0.97 (95%CI 0.94-0.99)	n/a	n/a	n/a	Excellent
	US	Jung et al. (2011) [25]	Age: FO 21.93 ± 2.73 year	CSA of AbdH	ICC	0.97 (95%CI 0.94-0.99)	n/a	n/a	n/a	Excellent
			FOSFE 22.36 ± 2.41 year n=28

Legend: Abbreviations: US-Ultrasonography, M-Male, F-Female, AbdH-Abductor hallucis, CSA-cross sectional area, FO- Foot orthosis, FOSFE- Combined FO and short foot exercise. Reliability was interpreted in terms of benchmarks suggested by Fleiss[51] where an ICC or Kappa value (excellent reliability, >0.75; fair to good reliability, 0.40–0.75; and poor reliability, <0.4.

ISSN: 1757-1146